Chlorine is a chemical disinfectant used to reduce the risk of water-borne diseases. However, the disinfection process can form disinfection by-products (DBP) that have been linked to cancer, reproductive issues, and damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system.

A water filtration standard that reduces submicron particles between 0.5 and 1.0 microns in size. For comparison, a human hair is 75 microns in width.

Is used to test water filters’ ability to reduce microplastics. The standard uses technology to reduce microplastics, which can come from clothing, single-use plastic bottles, and other consumer products which get into our tap water.

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) make up a group of man-made chemicals that take years, or even decades, to break down. These chemicals are used in hundreds of consumer products because of their non-stick properties. Potential health impacts of forever chemicals exposure include fertility issues, weakening the immune system and cancer.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a stable, toxic, and carcinogenic chemical that doesn't break down easily in the environment or in the human body. PFOA has been used in many consumer and industrial applications, including: Non-stick cookware, grease-proof packaging, Teflon, Gore-tex, firefighting foams, ski wax, stain-resistant textiles, and more.

Health Effects: Cancer; harm to the immune system; hormone disruption; harm to fetal growth and child development; harm to the liver

PFOS is an organic compound with an eight-carbon backbone and a sulfonate functional group. It's a synthetic chemical that repels water, oil, grease, and soil.

Health Effects: Cancer; harm to the immune system; hormone disruption; harm to fetal growth and child development; harm to the liver

PFNA has been used to make fluoropolymers, a coating that can resist heat, water, and chemicals; thus, PFNA can be present in products including carpets, food-contact papers, and cleaning and polishing products.

Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and its salts can cause male reproductive toxicity according to an independent committee of scientific and health experts. - California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment

Other Health Effects: Cancer; harm to the immune system; hormone disruption; harm to fetal growth and child development; harm to the liver

Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) Perfluorohexane sulfonate is a member of a group of perfluorinated chemicals used in many consumer products. Perfluorinated chemicals can cause serious health effects, including cancer, endocrine disruption, accelerated puberty, liver and immune system damage, and thyroid changes.

Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) is a chemical that is part of the group of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs). PFHpA is a breakdown product of stain- and grease-proof coatings on food packaging, couches, and carpets.

Health Effects: PFHpA may affect growth, learning, and behavior in children, lower a woman's chance of getting pregnant, and increase the risk of cancer.

Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) is a chemical that is part of a group of chemicals known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFBS is used in a variety of consumer products and industrial processes, including: Non-stick and stain-resistant coatings, Food packaging, and Fire-fighting foam.

Health Effects: Cancer; harm to the immune system; hormone disruption; harm to fetal growth and child development; harm to the liver

Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is a breakdown product of stain- and grease-proof coatings on food packaging, couches, and carpets, including Stainmaster. PFDA is the 10 carbon version of PFOA. All of these perfluoroalkyl carboxylates are highly persistent. But those with carbon chain lengths of at least 8 carbons are of particular concern because they are known to be bioaccumulative, globally distributed pollutants.

BPA is produced in large amounts for use in the production of polycarbonate, a hard, clear plastic and is found in a multitude of consumer products. BPA enters the environment and drinking water sources primarily through landfill leachate and wastewater. As an endocrine disruptor, BPA may have developmental and reproductive impacts.

Estrone is a hormone produced naturally in humans and animals. Estrone is a component of some medications used for the treatment of menopausal and premenopausal symptoms. Estrone enters the environment when it is excreted from humans and animals. The spreading of poultry and cattle waste on agricultural land increases the risk of estrone contaminating the groundwater. Adverse health effects from prescribed doses of estrone can include cancer, cardiovascular effects, stroke, dementia, and others.

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is widely consumed and released into the environment through human use. It can also enter the water supply through wastewater discharge and sewage sludge used as fertilizer. The inefficient elimination process in water treatment plants causes ibuprofen to be present in effluents and even in domestic water.

Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) found in over-the-counter pain relievers like Aleve and Anaprox. Naproxen is excreted in the body and usually passes through wastewater treatment facilities without being removed. This means it can end up in waterways and drinking water. Naproxen can be a genotoxic agent that causes oxidative stress.

Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disrupter that can interfere with the hormonal systems of organisms, including humans. Animal studies show that exposure to NP can harm the kidneys and cause developmental issues. NP comes from the degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates, which are used in many industrial products, including cleaning products, paints, and pesticides. NP can also enter water through agricultural runoff and wastewater effluents.

Phenytoin is used to control certain type of seizures, and to treat and prevent seizures that may begin during or after surgery to the brain or nervous system. It can leak into aquatic systems through sewage facilities because of its low metabolic rate. Phenytoin is a probable carcinogen in humans, and there is evidence that it can cause cancer of the lymphatic system and liver in animals.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a group of chemicals increasingly found in drinking water that can cause a range of health effects—including cancer. This test serves as a proxy for the 50+ following chemicals:

alachlor, atrazine, benzene, carbofuran, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, chloropicrin, 2,4-D, dibromochloropropane (DBCP), o-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloropropane, cis-1,3-dichloropropylene, dinoseb, endrin, ethylbenzene, ethylene dibromide (EDB), haloacetonitriles (HAN), bromochloroacetonitrile, dibromoacetonitrile, dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, haloketones (HK), 1,1-dichloro-2-propanone, 1,1,1-trichloro-2-propanone, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, lindane, methoxychlor, pentachlorophenol, simazine, styrene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, 2,4,5-TP (silvex), tribromoacetic acid, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene

trihalomethanes (includes), bromoform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, xylenes (total)

Establishes a limit on the amount of lead that may be contained within the water contact materials in a drinking water contact product. It applies to any drinking water system component that conveys or dispenses water for human consumption through drinking or cooking.

Also known as the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act, requires businesses to warn Californians about chemicals in products, homes, workplaces, and the environment that may cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm. The Proposition 65 list includes a wide range of chemicals, including those found in household products, food, drugs, dyes, solvents, and pesticides.

FCC Part 15 is a federal regulation that limits the amount of electromagnetic interference (EMI) allowed from electronic devices. It's a common testing standard for most consumer and commercial devices.

A Performance Indication Device (PID) measures water usage and notifies the consumer when it's time to replace the filter cartridge. This is a test that ensures a PID in a water filter is activating within the correct range.

Lead exposure can cause serious health issues, especially in children, such as developmental delays, learning difficulties, irritability, weight loss, and hearing loss. In adults, it can lead to high blood pressure, joint and muscle pain, difficulties with memory or concentration, and reproductive problems. To be certified, the product must meet all the requirements of the standard, including reducing lead to a benchmark of ≤5 ppb. The product must also meet the requirements for both pH 6.5 and pH 8.5 challenge water conditions.